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Zakaria Mohammed
War, defeat, victory and literature


I cant easily count the wars I witnessed. There were wars all the way.
As if life is just a calm moments between two wars, a little silence between two cries.
In these wars I am always in the camp of the defeated party.
I do not know what victory is. I do not taste it.
I get used to defeat. I am a friend of losers.
When I watch a football game I will stand with the one with zero goals. But I he managed to turn to be in the lead by: 2 to1, be sure that I will make a shift and give my support to the under dog.
This is not a good thing I know, but I keep selling it to my self; do not worry because a devil we know is much better than a devil you dont. Do not look for victory. And I continue telling my angry self: are you sure that victory is much better than defeat for me and for you? Are you sure that the victories were the good guys in history? Do you believe that the defeated are the worse?
But my self is willing to put me in the victories camp one time at least in my life. I am rebuking here: dont you know that war is blood? Dont you see that?
***
 
Some times I feel angry about my point of view, about my self and about being the under dog. It happened that I was talking to my friend kid Majd. He was an eight years boy. We were watching a football game. Then he told me: I am always with the weak party, I support the under dog.
I was amazed. I thought I am the only one who is like that.
Later I find that this national feeling in my country. We are always the defeated, the under dog, the weak party and the victim.
I told my self: enough is enough. I do not want to be the under dog from now on. So when I visited my friend again I watched with his two kids Majd And Talah Tom and Jerry. To tees Majd I cried: I am with the strong party here, I am with the victories. Who is the victorious here? The little kid Tallah got enthusiast with my cry. I Continued: I am with George Push, I am Sharon. She cried with me: I am George Bush, I am Sharon I am the evil one.
When I left I remembered that I saw, months ago, a group of Palestinian kids playing. One of them was holding a stick hitting the others with it crying: I am Sharon, I am the strong.
I said to my self: oh my god what we did with Tallah? I just let here play the rule of Sharon like this kid, as if it is our destiny to be either The victim or the killer image in the mirror? If this is the whole case I will choose the first without hesitation.
****
My writing belongs to defeat not victory.
Thanks for defeat if I did some thing in my writing.
I was in Beirut in when it was under siege in1982. But I failed to write about those days. My memory is not helping me. It is trying to escape that time. In the beginning I thought that this is normal. There must be enough time to coal my passion down, and then I will write.
I was wrong. I am not able to write about that time. I remember the fourth of may when the city was shelled by quarter million shell in one day. When the shelling stopped and I left the shelter I thought I will find the whole people of the city dead.
I am failing to write about that time. I said to my self you need a real space of peace if you want to write about war. War can not create writing. And I have no peaceful space to write about war. A war leads me to the next. I have to remember the war if I have to catch. I cant remember the war when I am in the middle of another war.
***
There was a time when the Palestinian poetry was busy in writing about occupation. Occupation soldiers are every where. Their check points are in every road. The prisons are filled with detainees. Twenty percent of the whole population has experienced prisons.
Every think is pushing to write about the occupation and his tanks.
But in the end we found that the tanks are deciding our poetry agenda. This was very bad.
Then suddenly our poetry decided to kick the tanks out. Poetry will not speak about tanks from now on. It will not allow the tanks to decide its agenda.
But we can do with out the barbarians? We spend our life talking about them. What things our poetry is going to deal with? Could it survive when it looses its main subject?
It survived.
It is now writing about the rose, the ant, and the tomato color!
Our streets are filled with tanks, but our poetry is free of them. Isit a victory?. May be. But still it is a negative victory.
So do be so happy, we are still in the defeated camp.











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War, peace and dictatorship:Perspective of the Oppressed
 By Tin Maung Than


A man has become a victim of its own creation, the state.A nation state has been irrationally larger than a man reaching to a point that a man is not a man unless he is identified with a state.This might be a pessimistic expression of humanity but sadly was a fact in my life. When we were granted refugee status, my wife and I, both medical doctors, requested the UN officer to send us to a refugee camp, where, we would be useful for the health of refugees.The UNHCR denied our request because Thailand government did not allow the UN to accept any new refugee at the camp.Sympathy, kindness, ethical values and responsibilities were rejected.When we stayed in Bangkok, my family and I were constantly facing a danger of arrest by police.My kids, 8 and 12, could not access to health and education.When we went to grocery store we dare not speak our Burmese language.I began to know that I was definitely not a man.

Àΰ£Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ã¢Á¶¹°, Áï ±¹°¡ÀÇ Èñ»ý¹°ÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö·È´Ù. ÇÑ ¹ÎÁ· ±¹°¡´Â ÇÑ Àΰ£º¸´Ù ºñÀ̼ºÀûÀÏ Á¤µµ·Î ºñ´ëÇØÁ® ¿Ô´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ ½º½º·Î ±¹°¡¿Í µ¿ÀϽÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é Àΰ£Àº Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÒ Á¤µµ±îÁö ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àΰ£¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñ°üÀûÀΠǥÇöÀÌÁö¸¸, ½½ÇÁ°Ôµµ ³» Àλý¿¡¼­´Â ±×°Ô »ç½ÇÀ̾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ³­¹Î ½Å¼¼¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´À» ¶§, ³ª¿Í ³» ¾Æ³»´Â, µÑ´Ù ÀÇ»çÀε¥, À¯¿£¿¡ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ³­¹Î Ä·ÇÁ·Î º¸³»´Þ¶ó°í ¿äûÇß´Ù. ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ¿ì¸®´Â ³­¹ÎµéÀÇ °Ç°­¿¡ À¯¿ëÇÒ Å״ϱî. À¯¿£ ÀαÇÀ§¿øȸ(UNHCR)´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿ä±¸¸¦ °ÅÀýÇß´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé À¯¿£ÀÌ »õ ³­¹ÎµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» ű¹ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Çã¶ôÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µ¿Á¤, Ä£Àý, À±¸®Àû °¡Ä¡, ±×¸®°í Ã¥ÀÓ°¨Àº °ÅºÎµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¿ì¸®°¡ ¹æÄÛ¿¡ ¸Ó¹°°í ÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È, ¿ì¸® °¡Á·°ú ³ª´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ °æÂûÀÇ Ã¼Æ÷ À§Çù¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¿©´ü»ì°ú ¿­µÎ»ìÀÎ ¿ì¸® ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº °Ç°­À» µ¹º¼ ¼öµµ ¾ø¾ú°í ±³À°µµ ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù. »óÁ¡¿¡ °¥ ¶§´Â ¸ð±¹¾îÀÎ ¹ö¸¶¾î¸¦ ¾²¸é ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù. ³ª´Â ³»°¡ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °Ô ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù´Â °É ¾Ë°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù.
Every time I saw a dog, I envied him.A dog has a free pass to go through any boundary on this earth.But when people travel on this earth with a heavy package of sufferings, oppressions and injustice, they are treated as criminals and it is said they aredisplaced while indeed the humanity is displaced. Look at several borders around the world.When a man passes the boundaries, he is beaten or imprisoned or shot.And it is called rationality.Of course it is the rationality of nationhood, the herd instinct of an animal, not of individual man whose status is now lower than a dog.Nations are nothing but the pitch of organizing animal herd instinct.

°³¸¦ º¼ ¶§¸¶´Ù, °³¸¦ ºÎ·¯¿öÇß´Ù. °³´Â Á¦ °¡°í ½ÍÀº °÷ ¾îµðµç ¸¶À½´ë·Î °¥ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àΰ£ÀÌ °íÅë°ú ¾ï¾Ð°ú ºÎÁ¤ÀǸ¦ Áû¾îÁø ä Áö±¸¸¦ ¿©ÇàÇÒ ¶§, ±×µéÀº ¹üÁËÀÚ·Î Ãë±Þ¹Þ°í, ½ÇÁ¦·Î Àΰ£¼ºÀÌ .....¼¼°èÀÇ ¿©·¯ ±¹°æÀ» º¸¶ó. ´©±º°¡ ±×°÷À» Áö³ª·Á°í ÇÒ ¶§, ±×´Â ¸Å¸¦ ¸Â°Å³ª °¨¿Á¿¡ °¡°Å³ª ÃÑÀ» ¸Â´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°Ô À̼º(ÇÕ¸®¼º)À̶ó°í ¸»ÇØÁø´Ù. ¹°·Ð ±×°ÍÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ À̼º, µ¿¹°ÀÇ Áý´Ü º»´ÉÀÌÁö, ±×ÀÇ ½Å¼¼°¡ °³º¸´Ù ³·Áö ¾ÊÀº °³º°Àû Àΰ£ÀÇ À̼ºÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â µ¿¹°Àû Áý´Ü º»´ÉÀ» Á¶Á÷ÇÑ µ¥ Áö³ªÁö¾Ê´Â´Ù.

Man is a creature of nature or God, not a creature of artifice. He is a son or daughter of God not a State.He is created out of love not of hatred.He is a craftsman of civilization, not a victim of state apparatus.

Àΰ£Àº ÀÚ¿¬ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶¹°, ¶Ç´Â ½ÅÀÇ Ã¢Á¶¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ÀΰøÀÇ Ã¢Á¶¹°ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ½ÅÀÇ ÀÚ³àÀÌÁö ±¹°¡ÀÇ Àڳడ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Àΰ£Àº »ç¶ûÀ¸·Î âÁ¶µÈ °ÍÀÌÁö Áõ¿À·Î âÁ¶µÈ °Ô ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ¹®¸íÀÇ ÀåÀÎÀÌÁö ±¹°¡ ÀåÄ¡ÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.

But some people who call themselves leaders has replaced God with a nation, which is nothing but a large group of people composed with sub-groups.Men become generic; belong only to their genus.These groups of people become gods who punishes Sisyphus, who loves the twilight universe, the bright sun, the moon sparkling sea, the peaceful sky; who hates the death, the penalty; who has passions for life and this earth.For these people, what lie in their heart is not the man, but a vote or an arm, an essential mean for his longing for power to exercise on others.They care only for their race, their artificial land, and their beliefs.The man out of his race and territory is not a man at all.The nationhood, a grotesque collectivism, becomes an idol to these artificial men, made by themselves a couple of hundreds of years ago.They have abandoned the sense of community at large and Gods teaching of brotherhood.They have kneeled down in front of this idol and blindly worshipped it.The virtue of it is nothing but a collective parochial sordidness.

±×·¯³ª ½º½º·Î ÁöµµÀÚ¶ó°í ÀÚóÇÏ´Â ¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½ÅÀ» ±¹°¡·Î ´ëü½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×°Ç ´õ ÀÛÀº ±×·ìµé·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ´õ Ä¿´Ù¶õ ±×·ì¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÏ´Ù. Àΰ£Àº ¼Ó(áÕ)ÀÌ µÇ¾ú°í, ¿À·ÎÁö ÀÚ±âµé Á¾(ðú)¿¡¸¸ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±×·ìÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº Ȳȥ¿¡ ºû³ª´Â ¿ìÁÖ, ´«ºÎ½Å žç, ´ÞºûÀÌ ÂÉ°³Áö´Â ¹Ù´Ù, ÆòÈ­·Î¿î ÇÏ´ÃÀ» »ç¶ûÇÏ°í, Á×À½°ú ¹úÀ» ¹Ì¿öÇÑ, ±×¸®°í »î°ú ÀÌ ¶¥¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿­Á¤À» Áö³æ´ø½ÃÁöÇÁ½º¸¦ ¹úÁÖ´Â ½ÅÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×µé¿¡°Ô´Â, ±×µéÀÇ °¡½¿ ¼Ó¿¡ ³õ¿© ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÇÑ ÀåÀÇ ÅõÇ¥±ÇÀ̳ª ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ¹«±âÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±×°ÍµéÀ̾߸»·Î ±×°¡ ŸÀο¡°Ô Çà»çÇÏ°íÇ ±Ç·Â¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿­¸ÁÀ» ä¿ì´Â µ¥ º»ÁúÀûÀÎ ¼ö´ÜÀÎ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ Á¾Á·, ±×µéÀÇ ÀΰøÀûÀÎ ¿µÅä, ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÏÀ½¸¸À» º¸È£ÇÑ´Ù. Á¾Á·°ú ¿µÅ並 ¹þ¾î³­ Àΰ£Àº °áÄÚ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿ì½º²Î½º·¯¿î ÁýÇÕÁÖÀÇÀÎ ¹ÎÁ·¼ºÀº ±× ÀΰøÀûÀÎ Àΰ£µéÀÇ ¿ì»óÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ö¹é ³â ÀüºÎÅÍ ....±×µéÀº °øµ¿Ã¼ÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ̳ª ÇüÁ¦¾Ö¸¦ °¡¸£Ä£ ½ÅµéÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀ» ³»¹ö·È´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÀÌ ¿ì»ó ¾Æ·¡ ¹«¸­À» ²Ý°í ¸Í¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î °æ¹èÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÇ ¹Ì´öÀ̶ó¸é ¿ÀÁ÷ ÆíÇùÇÑ Áý´ÜÀû Ž¿åÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù.
 
The current model of nation is democratic but is still far from being fulfilling the humanity. In the current democratic system, people choose governors but not governance.The system assumes that governance is the job of the few not of the people. Representatives and interest groups control the policies.The people have the role in the governance only at the gate - the entry and exit point of the agreed period - but not in the house - the process. Thus the few impose its will on the people; not the people impose their will on the few.The truth is that the people are rhetorically masters but practically gatekeepers.However the lives of gatekeepers are better than of slaves under dictatorships, the truth is: a few rules.

±¹°¡ÀÇ ÇöÀç ¸ðµ¨Àº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÌÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷Àº Àΰ£¼ºÀ» ÃæÁ·½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÇÏ°í´Â °Å¸®°¡ ¸Ö´Ù. Çö´Ü°è ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ÅëÄ¡¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â °Ç ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÅëÄ¡´Â ¼Ò¼öÀÇ Á÷¾÷ÀÌÁö ´ë´Ù¼ö »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á÷¾÷Àº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ëÇ¥ÀÚ¿Í ÀÌÀÍÁý´ÜÀÌ Á¤Ã¥À» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀº ÅëÄ¡¿¡¼­ ´ÜÁö ¹®ÅÎ(ÁÖ¾îÁø ±â°£ÀÇ ÀÔ±¸¿Í Ãⱸ)¿¡¼­¸¸ ¿ªÇÒÀ» Áö´Ï°í ÀÖÁö, Áý¾È(°úÁ¤)¿¡±îÁö µé¾î°¡Áö´Â ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®ÇÏ¿© ¼Ò¼ö´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ °üö½ÃŲ´Ù. »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼Ò¼ö¿¡°Ô ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÇÁö¸¦ °üö½ÃÅ°´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áø½ÇÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¼ö»çÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ÁÖÀÎÀÌÁö¸¸ ½ÇÁ¦ÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¹®Áö±â¿¡ Áö³ªÁö¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î·µç ¹®Áö±â·Î¼­ÀÇ Àλýµéµµ µ¶Àç ÇÏÀÇ ³ë¿¹º¸´Ù´Â ³´´Ù. Áø½ÇÀº ¼Ò¼ö°¡ Áö¹èÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

The war is the product of nation states, not of people. Tyranny, in the name of elected majority or dictatorship, and exclusion of people in the decision process are the causes.The world is helpless in facing both war and dictatorship.An oppressed still lives in dilemma.War displaced people, but peace, the antithesis of war, paradoxically serves the tyrant and his agenda.War means the death of some innocent people, while peace under dictatorship means the repression of all people living under the dictator for years to come.If war is capital punishment, peace under a dictatorial regime is imprisonment for life.War may punish the tyrants, while peace helps dictators continue violence against their people, including very real imprisonment and torture.War can save people from lies, threats and the brutality of a dictator, while peace, in fact, maintains the status quo.While Saddam Hussein was toppled in fewer than 30 days of war, the people of Iraq suffered 30-plus years of repression masquerading as peace.Sadly, war could not bring liberation and freedom to Iraq yet.

ÀüÀïÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â °Ô ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¹ÎÁ·±¹°¡ÀÇ »ê¹°ÀÌ´Ù. ¼±ÃâµÈ ´Ù¼ö³ª µ¶ÀçÀÇ À̸§ÇÏ¿¡ ÀÚÇàµÇ´Â ÀüÁ¦¿Í °áÁ¤ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹èÁ¦½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍµéÀÌ ¿øÀÎÀÌ´Ù. ¼¼°è´Â ÀüÀï°ú µ¶À縦 ¾î¿¼ö¾øÀÌ ¸¶ÁÖÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¾ï¾Ð¹Þ´Â ÀÚµéÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ °ïȤ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀº »ç¶÷µéÀ» Ãß¹æÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀüÀïÀÇ ¹Ý´ë·Î¼­ ÆòÈ­´Â ¿ª¼³ÀûÀÌ°Ôµµ ÀüÁ¦ÀÚ¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¾ÆÁ¨´Ù¿¡ º¹¹«ÇÑ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀº ¾î¶² ¹«°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á×À½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¹Ý¸é, µ¶ÀçÇÏÀÇ ÆòÈ­´Â µ¶ÀçÀÚ ¹Ø¿¡¼­ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ¾ï¾ÐÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀÚº»ÀÇ ¹úÀ̶ó¸é, µ¶Àç Á¤±ÇÇÏÀÇ ÆòÈ­´Â »ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °¨±ÝÀÌ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀº ÀüÁ¦ÀÚ¸¦ ¹úÁÖÁö¸¸, ÆòÈ­´Â µ¶ÀçÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¸» ±×´ë·Î Åõ¿Á°ú °í¹®À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â Æø·ÂÀ» °è¼Ó Çà»çÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ÀüÀïÀº »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ µ¶ÀçÀÚÀÇ °ÅÁþ, À§Çù, ¾ß¸¸À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÆòÈ­´Â »ç½Ç»ó Çö»óÀ» À¯Áö½ÃŲ´Ù. »ç´ã Èļ¼ÀÎÀº ÀüÀïÀÌ ÀϾ Áö 30Àϵµ ¸øµÇ¾î ¹«³ÊÁ³Áö¸¸, À̶óÅ© »ç¶÷µéÀº ÆòÈ­¶ó°í °ÅÁþ ²Ù¸çÁø ¾ï¾ÐÀ¸·Î 30³âµµ ³Ñ°Ô °íÅë¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ½½ÇÁ°Ôµµ ÀüÀïÀº À̶óÅ©¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷ Çعæ°ú ÀÚÀ¯¸¦ °¡Á®´ÙÁÖÁö ¸øÇß´Ù.

The dilemma of this war and peace results from the failure of existing rules of the game, played by rulers.They follow the rules set by kings of centuries past in the name of sovereignty, which, in fact, is respect for a kings right to rule his subjects at his will.This still is the heart of international relationships and the United Nations.The U.N. refrains from action, even when thousands of people suffer and die under injustice because the organization is the club for the rulers not the world body for the people. The elites call this passivity ¡¡respect for sovereignty of state,¡¡ which in fact should be called the shame of civilization.

ÀÌ ÀüÀï°ú ÆòÈ­ÀÇ µô·¹¸¶´Â Áö¹èÀڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ ÀÚÇàµÈ ±âÁ¸ÀÇ °ÔÀÓ ¹ýÄ¢ÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇÑ µ¥¼­ ºñ·ÔÇÑ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ÁÖ±ÇÀ̶ó´Â À̸§ ¾Æ·¡ °ú°Å ¼ö¼¼±â µ¿¾È ¿ÕµéÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î ³õÀº ¹ýÄ¢À» µû¸¥´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ±× ¹ýÄ¢À̶õ »ç½Ç»ó ¿ÕÀÌ º¹¼ÓÀÚµéÀ» Àڱ⠸¶À½´ë·Î Áö¹èÇÏ´Â ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸°æÀÏ µû¸§ÀÌ´Ù. ±¹Á¦ °ü°è, ±×¸®°í À¯¿£ÀÇ ½ÉÀåºÎ¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ÇàÅ°¡ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. À¯¿£Àº ¼öõ¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ºÒÀÇ ¾Æ·¡ °íÅë¹Þ°í Á׾´Âµ¥µµ ÇൿÀ» ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Á¶Á÷À̶õ Áö¹èÀÚµéÀÇ »ç±³ Ŭ·´ÀÌÁö ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼¼°è À°Ã¼´Â ¾Æ´Ï±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¤¸®Æ®µéÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼öµ¿¼ºÀ» ±¹°¡ Áֱǿ¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¸ÁßÀ̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½ÇÀº ¹®¸íÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¶ó°í ºÒ·ÁÁ®¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

It is shameful because world leaders did not differentiate between community and country, humanity and human rights, morality and politics.It is outrageous because they did not distinguish between crime and political game.It is unacceptable because they treated alike between what is right and might.

¼¼°èÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀÌ °øµ¿Ã¼¿Í ³ª¶ó, Àΰ£¼º°ú ÀαÇ, µµ´ö¼º°ú Á¤Ä¡¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÎ²ô·¯¿î ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ¹üÁË¿Í Á¤Ä¡ °ÔÀÓÀ» ±¸º°ÇÏÁö ¸øÇß´Ù´Â °Íµµ ºÐ³ëÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. ±×µéÀÌ ±Ç¸®(right)¿Í ±Ç·Â(might)À» ¾ùºñ½ÁÇÑ °Íó·³ ´Ù·ç¾î¿Ô´Ù´Â °Ç µµÀúÈ÷ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

World leaders should shed their elites terms and thinking and listen to their own human hearts.Be a man!Burma and other heated places are still wildly a case of common sense.Think this.The first thought that hit to your mind is action against a criminal when you are a victim of assault.Yet the world leaders has pretended to be aloof under the veil of men made theories and failed to deliver the call of victims.

¼¼°èÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ÀÚ±âÀÇ ¿¤¸®Æ®µéÀ» ±×µé ÀÚ½Å릐 Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ ¸¶À½¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ±Í¸¦ ±â¿ïÀÌ°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Àΰ£ÀÌ µÇ¾î¶ó! ¹ö¸¶¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ¿­´ë Áö¿ªÀº ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ¿©ÀüÈ÷ »ó½ÄÀûÀÎ »ç·ÊÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¡À» »ý°¢Çضó. ´ç½ÅÀÌ ¾Ï»ìÀÇ Èñ»ýÀÚ°¡ µÉ ¶§, ´ç½ÅÀÇ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ óÀ½ ¶°¿À¸£´Â »ý°¢Àº ¹üÁËÀÚ¿¡ ÀúÇ×ÇÏ´Â ÇൿÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥µµ ¼¼°èÀÇ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº À̷п¡ ÀÇÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø Àΰ£ÀÇ º£ÀÏ ¾Æ·¡ ¸Ö¸® ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ùº¸´Ï Èñ»ýÀÚÀÇ ¿ÜħÀ» Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ°í ¸¸´Ù.

Around the world, policies are based on the perceived public interests of the few.In many countries, while children are hungry and dying military spending is skyrocketing.These countries are not necessarily dictatorial.While a government is thirsty to fulfill its national glory its heart becomes hollow in the draught of love, kindness and compassion.The nation in the disguise of prosperity and in the name of responsibility is morally degenerating into collective egoistic corruption.Thus a nation fails to raise its people to attain the higher plane of humanity.It has already abandoned its spiritual responsibility.It is only governance of the people, not government of the people, that can bring peace and happiness to the world.People all over the world need to restructure our civilization. For, man is inextricably bound to the God or nature.

¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§, Á¤Ã¥Àº ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ÀÎÁöµÈ ´ëÁßÀû °ü½É¿¡ ±âÃʸ¦ µÎ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ¾î¸°À̵éÀÌ ±¾ÁÖ¸®°í Á׾ ¶§, ±º»çºñ´Â ÇÏ´ÃÀ» Â µí Ä¡¼Ú°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ³ª¶óµéÀÌ ²À µ¶ÀçÀûÀÎ °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Á¤ºÎ°¡ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿µ±¤À» ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°±â¸¦ °¥¸ÁÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È, ÁøÁ¤À¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ ½ÉÀåÀº »ç¶û°ú Ä£Àý, ±×¸®°í µ¿Á¤ÀÇ °í°¥·Î ÀÎÇØ Á×Á¤À̸¸ ³²°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹ø¿µÀ̶ó´Â Çã¿ï ¾Æ·¡, ±×¸®°í Ã¥ÀÓ°¨À̶ó´Â ¸í¸ñ ÇÏ¿¡ ±¹°¡´Â µµ´öÀûÀ¸·Î Áý´ÜÀû À̱âÁÖÀÇÀû Æĸê·Î ³ª¾Æ°£´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ±¹°¡´Â »ç¶÷µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý Àΰ£¼ºÀÇ ³ôÀº »óŸ¦ ȹµæÇϵµ·Ï °í¾ç½ÃÅ°´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ°í ¸¸´Ù. ±¹°¡´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤½ÅÀû Ã¥ÀÓ°¨À» Æ÷±âÇß´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¼¼°è¿¡ ÆòÈ­¿Í ÇູÀ» ¾È°ÜÁÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ Á¤ºÎ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ç¶÷µéÀ» ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ´Â Á¶Á÷ÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. Àü¼¼°èÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¹®¸íÀ» Àç°ÇÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé Àΰ£Àº ÇÊ¿¬ÀûÀ¸·Î ½Å°ú ÀÚ¿¬¿¡ ¸Å¾î Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
























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¿Ã ÃÊ¿¡ ¹ö¸¶ ±³À°Á¤Ã¥À» ºñÆÇÇÑ Ä®·³ÁýÀ» Æì³»´Â µî ¹ö¸¶ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¼¼°è¿¡ ¾Ë¸®±â À§ÇØ ¶Ù°í ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦´Â ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô ¹ö¸¶ Á¤ºÎ¸¦ ºñÆÇÇÏ´Â ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, Ä¡¿­ÇÑ °í±¹ÀÇ Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ ÇÑ ¹ß¦ ¶³¾îÁ® ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¡Àº ±×¸¦ °í¹Î½º·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

ꡒ±¹¹ÎµéÀÌ Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇ×ÇØ ꡐÀϾ ¼öꡑ ÀÖ°Ô ÇØ¾ß Çϴµ¥ Á¤¸» ¾î·Á¿ö¿ä. ¶Ç ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Ùº¸´Ï Á¦ ÁÖÀåÀÌ ¹ö¸¶ º»±¹¿¡ Àß Àü´ÞµÇÁöµµ ¾Ê°í¿ä.ꡓ

¶í¸¶¿õµýÀº ꡒÇѱ¹ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­¿îµ¿À» °ü½É ÀÖ°Ô ÁöÄѺôÙꡓ¸ç ꡒ¹ö¸¶Àε鵵 ¹ÎÁÖÈ­¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀϾÀ¸¸é ÇÑ´Ùꡓ°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù. ¶í¸¶¿õµýÀº ¹ö¸¶ÀÎ °øµ¿Ã¼ µîÀÌ ÁغñÇÑ °£´ãȸ¿¡ Âü¼®ÇÑ µÚ Áö³­ 23ÀÏ Ãâ±¹Çß´Ù.

 

±Û ÃÖÇýÁ¤ ±âÀÚ idun@hani.co.kr/ »çÁø ¹Ú½ÂÈ­ ±âÀÚ eyeshoot@hani.co.kr
 
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Palestinian Literature


The Palestinian modern literature has crossed four stages since the end of the nineteenth century. The first one is to be called the renascence. The writers wet, like their fellows in the Arab world, to the Golden Age Arabic literature trying build there models out of it.This stage managed to get red of the weakness which occurred in the last four or five centuries.
The Second stage was in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The Palestinian literature started to find his special voice and his special way among the Arabic literature.
In its third stage, at the beginning of the sixties. the Palestinian literature reached its maturity. In many fields and especially poetry it started to take lead in the Arab world literature. The well national Palestinian poet Mohmoud Darwish started his way at that time reaching his beak at the eighties and nineties.
Darwish revolutionary language managed to affect not only Palestine but the whole poetry movement in the Arab world.
Building on his gained and the Gains of Kenefani in the field of novel we could say now that the Palestinian literature inters its fourth stage, flourishing in many fields, not in poetry only. This literature is participating in the national struggle for liberation and independent. It is also taking its part in modernizing the Arab literature.
Now it is a rich literature with many schools and voices.
May be it is worth to Quote what Dr Salma Jayyusi,a well known Palestinian critique about the changes in the Palestinians literature in the eighties:
(Never the Palestinian creative talent such as a rich harvest)














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The Association of Writers for National Literature(AWNL)

The Association of Writers for National Literature(AWNL) is the representative organization of Korean writers.Its purpose is &quot;to build the truly national literature on this land, succeeding and developing the spirit of The Council of Writers for Freedom and Practice which have endeavored to achieve the freedom of expression and the democratization of Korean society.&quot;
And it makes every effort not only to defend the rights and interests of Korean writers in this changing society, but to raise the status of Korean literature in the world through various kinds of international exchanges.
Presently AWNL, registered as a corporation aggregate, has many committees such as Committee for Freedom and Practice and various departments of genres. Also it has more than 13 local branches organized since 1997.
 
(http://www.minjak.or.kr)











 











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